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Humanist: Manuel

HUMANITY IN THE CONQUEST ,
(or "black legend" of Padre Las Casas)

By Manuel Espin
Director of "The Adventure of Knowing" (RTVE)

Madrid

E n the Court of Charles V, a typical Renaissance king, there arose an unusual debate in any kind of process of imperial expansion under the sun: the moral legitimacy of right of conquest and the role of the populations reached by the new European conquerors. So much so that Charles V temporarily suspended the conquest of Peru to hear the views of movers and shakers of the Court. Had participated in that debate to all types of qualified, among other jurists and theologians, missionaries and men of the church with power, as Cardinal Cisneros or Father Vitoria.

The clear position of defending the Indians kept Bartolomé de las Casas, a English Dominican monk, theologian, born in Seville in 1484. It seems that the first images of the Indians who came to personally touched Colon De las Casas, "whom I saw in Sevilla as they passed along the arc next to the church of San Nicolás, green parrots being very beautiful colored and guaizas, some covers were made of precious stones of fish bones, "he wrote. His father and an uncle had traveled with Columbus on his second voyage to what would be called America. On his return, the parent of Bartolome de las Casas returned with an Indian slave given by Christopher Columbus. But a year after his arrival in Spain, by order of Isabella the Catholic, the Indians and others who had been forcibly brought to Spain were released back to their place of origin.

De las Casas in 1502 with his father and his uncle was shipped to the Island of the English (later Santo Domingo), where he worked as a miner and the exploitation of Indian labor. To 1507 did not receive the priestly order. After the sale of his estate, he participated in the conquest of Cuba. It was at that moment when he resigned for reasons of conscience to Indians who had corresponded as booty. At that time the Dominicans began to assume the defense of the Indians against other religious orders who defended the right of conquest.

De las Casas with other Dominicans came to Spain to report the package and the abuses of the conquest. Isabella was dead and managed to meet with King Ferdinand who was seriously ill. They also got to talk to various church leaders and even the future Pope Adrian VI, proposing to send friars as governors. At that time it became de las Casas "(attorney) universal protector of all the Indians of the Indies." Within of that discussion was the conditions by which the Indians were to be evangelized (concern that was already present in the own will of Isabel la Católica).

De las Casas participated in a project: to develop peaceful settlement projects brought by settlers from Spain to teach the techniques and technologies developed Europe much of the time, along with the Indians that would fully preserve their freedom, and the preaching of the Gospel without violence, in the expectation that the natives would accept the King of Spain "by conviction own, without any violent imposition. "That position he faced many settlers who sought only rapid enrichment in the New World, making the pressures of these it was moved to Santo Domingo. From there, four Dominicans, including De las Casas, traveled with the intention of arriving in Peru for the defense of the Indians. But unable to get it had to do a tour of Mexico and Central America. In Guatemala wrote "The only way to attract all people to the true religion" which advocated persuasion and dialogue rather than violence and coercion.

Years later, De las Casas returned back to Spain where he managed the various orders of Emperor Charles V to promote their missions and evangelism style of them. Valladolid had the opportunity to meet twenty years later with Charles V, who not only listened but convened an unusual meeting for an empire the size of the English, the most powerful of his time in the world, calls Boards Valladolid in which De las Casas presented his famous "Account of the Destruction of the Indies" and sixteen remedies against this form of conquest. Charles V took note of these findings in 1542 promulgated the so-called New Laws, which prohibited slavery Indians, and all who were in the hands of the settlers were free from trustees to be placed under the direct protection of the Emperor.

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two brothers would also take part in the expeditions to monitor the meetings with the Indians for their evangelization should be made through dialogue and persuasion and not violence. In the next phase of his life De Las Casas returned to Santo Domingo and from there to Chiapas where he was appointed bishop. But not always complied with the laws of the Crown. To find again that the settlers held parcels requested excommunication for those who have slaves, which caused him strong enemies, battling each other with the Viceroy. He had to return back to Spain, living in Valladolid. She participated in a panel of theologians and representatives of Castile and the Indies on the way people treat the new territories that were incorporated into an expanding empire, faced with Juan Gines de Sepulveda argued that Indians were inferior and must submit to the English.

De las Casas resigned his bishopric and felt that it should remain in Spain to achieve new measures and legal texts for the protection of the Indians. In Seville wrote his version of "History of the Indies", writing a text in which he compared American cultures with the classical Western world, without diminishing those.

A singular episode in the biography of houses that seem more typical of a modern play or a movie plot is his meeting in Valladolid with an Indian named Francisco Tenamaztle Zacatecas, deported to Spain for leading a rebellion . Las Casas defended him and his community in the Court of Castile. But his legacy is not always successful, some years later becomes aware that some friends of his order dominica have to resort to arms to subdue the Indians in Guatemala. The last days of his life were spent in Madrid where he wrote about a moral issue of singular importance: the right of ownership of the treasures found in many pre-Columbian civilizations that in his view, belonged to the Indians.

In his will, before his death in 1566, again showing the absolute concern for the rights of the Indians against any looting or exploitation. There are, however, a "gap" in the discourse of De las Casas: While defending tooth and nail to the New World populations, which admires because he knows and has lived with them, does not have the same consideration for people much less known in Europe at the time: the African color. It is necessary to comment that even in the nineteenth century argued about the legitimacy of slavery, which had made huge populations were forcibly taken away in inhumane conditions from Africa to the new colonies of America, the United States in the second half of that century had sustained a bloody civil war between states whose economy depended on slave labor and others who advocated a much freer market.

And that even booming late nineteenth-century colonial and early twentieth centuries was encountered human exploitation in terms so shocking and bloody as the former Belgian Congo a century ago and even today, although it is officially banned slavery in our world live situations of absolute domination, contempt human beings and exploitation in terms of real mockery of justice and moral dignity.

why it is more important the role of a Dominican and De las Casas, in a situation as unusual as that of the Court of Charles V which generated a debate in which not all responses were like those of the character defense of Indian rights, but where at least, showed a sensitivity for the recognition of certain rights inherent in the human condition, here and there, in ancient or modern world. Important issue within one stroke of the houses would be on tracing their influence and the treatment that her figure has earned over time, both in America and in Spain, outside and inside the Catholic Church which, at least , ought to merit recognition for their dignity much higher than has been, by comparison with other characters, maximum raised to the glorification without the concern for human dignity that is present in the work of de las Casas.

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About the author

Manuel Espinosa
Born in Madrid (1957), graduated in law, political science, sociology and Information Science from the University Complutense of Madrid, having completed the cycle Doctorate in the Complutense and UNED.

has been active as a teacher in different universities and institutes of higher education, content-related communication, sociology and the humanities. In addition to directing over two hundred courses or seminars Education and Health Promotion. A proposal from the English government has worked in training and advisory work in youth policies to the governments of Argentina and Colombia.

In his professional activity within the media has participated in programs and series of TVE as
1990 "Turn over." Writer / Director. 40 programs.
1991-92. "The supertrees." Screenplay, Direction, Co-presentations and original music. 32 programs.
1992. Capitals of 92. " Written and Dirección.3 Chapters.
1995. "Bodies in shape." Scriptwriting and Production. 20 Chapters.
1996-97. "The Traveler's Notebook." Script and Implementation. 32 Chapters.
1998. "Games of Legend." Scriptwriting and Production. 13 Chapters.
1999-2000. "Calle del Aire". Scriptwriting and Production. 12 Chapters.
2000-2001. "The genres of cinema." Scriptwriting and Production. 26 Chapters.

1999-2000. "Time ...". Scriptwriting and Production. 13 Chapters. Since November
being broadcast the series "Film History" and these days comes on the air "from the chalk to chip
which also deals with the script and performance.
Since 1993 he has been editor and deputy director of Educational Television RTVE, and program director,
"Adventure of Knowledge "(RTVE), educational content and divulgativo.Ha involved in several feature films in works of authorship script or original music in its most
presented at international festivals.
also is the author of several publications.

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