Paola Sarti
Tourism Specialist
Acsur / Valencia, Spain.
E n the global tourism is one of the most important economic activities with higher rates of growth. In this sector are employed more than 200 million employees, the largest number of employees by economic sector, and is considered one of the pacemakers of globalization. According to these estimates, tourism accounts for about a third of world trade in services, with the industrialized countries that reach the largest market share. While parts of the world they face and debt crisis and trying to generate employment and foreign exchange by promoting tourism, this activity is viewed with hope and strongly encouraged by international bodies like the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Bank World Trade Organization (WTO) and World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).
Tourism Specialist
Acsur / Valencia, Spain.
E n the global tourism is one of the most important economic activities with higher rates of growth. In this sector are employed more than 200 million employees, the largest number of employees by economic sector, and is considered one of the pacemakers of globalization. According to these estimates, tourism accounts for about a third of world trade in services, with the industrialized countries that reach the largest market share. While parts of the world they face and debt crisis and trying to generate employment and foreign exchange by promoting tourism, this activity is viewed with hope and strongly encouraged by international bodies like the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Bank World Trade Organization (WTO) and World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).
Despite these initial data, the relationship between tourism and development is much more complex when taking into account the economic and social costs that activity is to host populations and, rarely, are taken into account in the calculations of the absolute benefits of tourism. Among the negative impacts of tourism, the most aberrant we attended for several years in southern countries with strong tourism development is, without doubt, is due to the practice of child sex tourism and the social consequences that arise.
However, you do not use this unfortunate end to identify problems caused by tourism in areas where it is implanted without a model of sustainability and balanced integration with other economic activities present. Indeed, if the recipient countries, tourism is, first, a promising to improve the employment situation and economic development at the same time, causing many social, cultural and ecological. Tourist activity represents a source of employment for the territories in which they carry. However, a high workload, depending on the season and lack of social protection are some of the typical characteristics of these relations. This precarious, low-skilled, seasonal and low wages also contributes to the loss of jobs in traditional sectors such as fishing and agriculture - putting at risk the food security of areas whole.
However, you do not use this unfortunate end to identify problems caused by tourism in areas where it is implanted without a model of sustainability and balanced integration with other economic activities present. Indeed, if the recipient countries, tourism is, first, a promising to improve the employment situation and economic development at the same time, causing many social, cultural and ecological. Tourist activity represents a source of employment for the territories in which they carry. However, a high workload, depending on the season and lack of social protection are some of the typical characteristics of these relations. This precarious, low-skilled, seasonal and low wages also contributes to the loss of jobs in traditional sectors such as fishing and agriculture - putting at risk the food security of areas whole.
tourist activity during the free trade with global and local environment, which "wear" was never added to the tour price. Those most affected by this situation are the weakest people of the tourist regions especially in the South: women, children, ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples, due to excessive consumption of resources by tourism, they face other restrictions on their livelihoods, unable to defend themselves or be compensated for it.
addition, the effects of tourism are not limited to impacts on the environment and ecosystems. In specific tourist attractions, the implementation of tourism activities by the private sector may conflict with the population of the area. This is the case of the pressure often on the local investors to purchase land, or the eviction of local people for the installation of tourist facilities, or the privatization and concentration of water in places where it can being a scarce resource to provide leisure activities linked to tourism.
addition, the effects of tourism are not limited to impacts on the environment and ecosystems. In specific tourist attractions, the implementation of tourism activities by the private sector may conflict with the population of the area. This is the case of the pressure often on the local investors to purchase land, or the eviction of local people for the installation of tourist facilities, or the privatization and concentration of water in places where it can being a scarce resource to provide leisure activities linked to tourism.
An example of these types of contrast caused by tourist activity is found in the demonstration by farmers Dominican affected by the creation of Haitises National Park, an enormous tourist attraction. The farmers protested at the Congress of Deputies of the Dominican Republic, demanding to be included in the 2007 national budget, promised compensation after land expropriated for the construction of the park and never paid during the forty years since its construction.
In areas of intense tourism development attend very often, to a shift in spending towards the interest of the tourism sector to the detriment of the weaker population.
addition, the arrival of people with high purchasing power in many cases leads to inflationary processes, especially of basic commodities and natural resources as land and water that are detrimental to the weakest part of the local population . Likewise, the contribution of tourism to balance national balance of payments, which often is indicated as one of the great advantages of the implementation of tourism activities in the southern countries, is often hampered by the management tourism by transnational corporations, owners of major flight companies and large hotel chains, which they control, manage and account for most of the benefits of international tourism. Also much of the tourist consumption performed, even if purchased in domestic companies are importing goods and services that represent a further capital flight from the country.
In this regard, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has estimated that the price paid by a tourist in their home country for a vacation abroad, only 50% on average will directly benefit place. The less developed an economy is, the greater the amount of imported goods required to meet the needs of foreign tourists and less money left in the destination.
In this regard, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has estimated that the price paid by a tourist in their home country for a vacation abroad, only 50% on average will directly benefit place. The less developed an economy is, the greater the amount of imported goods required to meet the needs of foreign tourists and less money left in the destination.
However, tourism does not always generate a similar process. The economic impact of tourism depends on several factors (nature and volume of tourism, such involvement of the local and national activity, the attractions of the place of destination, a balance between economic sectors, state capacity to enforce existing regulations and control the development model.) The impact of tourism varies depending on the characteristics of the host society and its context. In this sense, if it is true that international tourism in the South generally means an increase in problems for most population, may also offer development potential for the most marginalized sectors of the same areas.
face negative impacts has been the development of tourism experiences on a smaller scale and with different management, show that this activity can also generate positive effects. Indispensable basis for this to take place is that people, communities, free and sovereign to decide which model they want and tourism development, especially if they want one. In this sense, the population must be considered the true protagonist and main beneficiary of tourism. This means, among other things, that the real power understood as decision-making and control over resources and benefits, must match and be in the hands of the host communities. In rural communities and indigenous tourism activities controlled by the local population can be represented, then, a tool to maintain control over land and natural resources from foreign interests.
face negative impacts has been the development of tourism experiences on a smaller scale and with different management, show that this activity can also generate positive effects. Indispensable basis for this to take place is that people, communities, free and sovereign to decide which model they want and tourism development, especially if they want one. In this sense, the population must be considered the true protagonist and main beneficiary of tourism. This means, among other things, that the real power understood as decision-making and control over resources and benefits, must match and be in the hands of the host communities. In rural communities and indigenous tourism activities controlled by the local population can be represented, then, a tool to maintain control over land and natural resources from foreign interests.
Especially in a rural context, tourism managed and controlled by rural families and communities can be a way to increase revenue and diversify thereby helping to strengthen its economy. In this perspective, tourism is a supplementary activity to help support of rural and indigenous populations and warrants, thus food production, environmental protection and poverty reduction. Tourism initiatives should be part and outside the scope of development plans to strengthen the control of indigenous peoples to their ancestral territories and resources and ensure the satisfaction of basic needs and other social, economic, cultural and environmental own integral human development.
In this context the importance of the benefits generated by tourism controlled by peasants and indigenous peoples is not limited strict performance of the activity. Its importance lies in the introduction of liquid income - something especially important in contexts of extreme poverty - and at the time of the year in which they occur.
addition, the consolidation of the rural economy through economic diversification strategies to help the local economy to maintain food security without being forced to import food from outside, while decreasing trends in migration from the countryside to the city and the creation of pockets of extreme poverty in urban areas.
This
tourism, community tourism is named, understood as a kind of small scale tourism in the local population, through their organizational structures, plays a significant role in the control and management, based on participation, democratic decision making and equitable redistribution of resources.
Today, there are community-based tourism experiences in different countries of Central and South America (Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Brazil) who are developing strategies to increase community involvement in the supply chain redes1 constitutes value to assist the joint promotion supply. These insights, developed in recent years by various sectors of civil society organizations in the north and south, have led to the affirmation of responsible tourism, defined as a tourism model not given but as a social movement for tourism sustainable. This movement works in exposing the negative impacts of tourism on the incidence and awareness of different actors in the tourism and the study and establishment of sustainable tourism development models and specific for each destination.
addition to structural changes, promotes Responsible Tourism by the side of the type of tourist demand more and better informed, trained and sensitized to the reality to be known. A tourist who knows, recognizes and appreciates the nature of the worldview of recipient populations and their concept of territory and resources, a tourist who assumes values, behaviors and attitudes consistent with this order, including equality, respect and recognition people and the environment. In this way, the trip can become a truly intercultural encounter, equitable and mutually beneficioso.En this sense, the Responsible Tourism can be a powerful tool for advocacy, awareness and dynamism of our societies.
---
Paola Sarti
Paola Sarti :
Area Manager Responsible Tourism Acsud The Country Segovias Valencia (Spain). The Association for Cooperation with the South ACSUR-The Segovia is a lay association, independent, transforming and promoting gender equity. Acsud
Segovias País Valencià The works in the field of responsible tourism, travel support proposals solidarity and reflection to tourism.
has created and manages a web site reference in this field www.turismoresponsable.net .
Segovias País Valencià The works in the field of responsible tourism, travel support proposals solidarity and reflection to tourism.
has created and manages a web site reference in this field www.turismoresponsable.net .
-----
Go to Home of Digital Veins:
http://vetasdigital.blogspot.com
.
encourage our readers to react to this article and comment on their assessment of it. Thank you very much.
src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> 
0 comments:
Post a Comment