Juan Daniel Balcácer
"The Dominican people and has been
was always a champion of liberalism"
.
For Clodomiro Carpenter / Streaks Question
.- l E century Dominican is terrible. It is characterized by serious institutional disorder in the first two decades, two American military interventions are indelible stain; a long tyranny of Trujillo, which is a shame that chills to the bone, and a scheme, the "twelve years "Balaguer, shameful. Despite this picture, indeed agonizing, the country's history is so short and so the thrust of the growing Dominican so necessary that we have no choice but to emerge on the positive side.
Dominican writer Manuel Mora Serrano, someone with authority, said that the last century is the golden age of Dominican literature. For the same of our recent training as a people "falls from the tree" that is the golden age of medicine, engineering ... different branches of knowledge. We do not have enough time to make comparisons across centuries, so that XX is necessarily better than the nineteenth. Still, what was the twentieth century to the projections of the century? Answer
.- Before entering the field, I wish to thank both veins, as you who so rightly going, I offer the opportunity to share with readers some of my thoughts on various topics of interest to us, the Dominicans:
While the Dominican twentieth century is marked by such social ills brought highlighted in this question, it is equally true that well over the last century the Dominican people have been inserted, irreversibly, in modernity, both in the economic structure in the area of the superstructure political ideology.
.- Before entering the field, I wish to thank both veins, as you who so rightly going, I offer the opportunity to share with readers some of my thoughts on various topics of interest to us, the Dominicans:
While the Dominican twentieth century is marked by such social ills brought highlighted in this question, it is equally true that well over the last century the Dominican people have been inserted, irreversibly, in modernity, both in the economic structure in the area of the superstructure political ideology.
political and social instability that characterized the Dominican society during the first two decades of the century was due, fundamentally, the attempt to break with the regime lilies which meant the political movement of the July 26, 1899, led by Ramón Cáceres and Horacio Vásquez. After a dictatorial regime, based on terror rather than a democratic and open society, what we had then was chaos and disorder in state institutions. This circumstance, of course, led to the chiefs who survived the era of acquired category Lilís regional warlords, some national and others, dedicated to their respective armies to constant fratricidal struggles for control of political power, military and economic nation, on balance, head toward the deepest abyss.
The iron dictatorship of Rafael L. Trujillo (1930-1961), followed, after the political event of 30 May and the Patriotic War of April 1965 the Twelve Years of Joaquin Balaguer (who in the words of Frank Moya Pons was a kind of continuity of the scheme Trujillo domination), were only one of many harmful consequences was the first U.S. military occupation of 1916-1924 on the social body Dominican.
If we take a quick look back over these hundred years, we must conclude that not everything was running in the middle of a dark maze after which registration can be read that terrible that, according to Dante, appears no less than at the entrance of hell: "Abandon all hope." The Dominican people, in essence, was and has always been a champion of liberalism, in spite of the factions that have held power and palace from the heights have always acted against the purest ideals Duartiano. The nationalist movement during the interregnum of 1916-1924 ominous that championed by the outright unemployment, the resistance against the Trujillo dictatorship, which manifested itself in different ways since its advent to power until he was gunned down in 1961, the Manolo Tavarez Justo immolation and his colleagues in 1963, and the Dominicans who were sacrificed and offered their lives to fighting in 1965 to restore the 1963 Constitution, all these events, and many more, are authentic expressions of the Dominican people irretractable will fight for their freedom and the establishment of a truly democratic regime.
agree with Mora Serrano in the sense that the twentieth century Dominican is "the golden age of national literature, as is also the political ideas and scientific disciplines. In large part this answer, in my view, all these calamities suffered by our ancestors and, in turn, to all those glimmers of hope that have always inspired our people to face successfully the most furious political storms that have fallen over the Dominican social horizon. Some argue that the great works of literature have emerged from the most deplorable conflicts and tragedies of humanity. In a passage from Borges is the opinion that the happiness is always fleeting and what is almost always beyond the misery.
Passing Dominican balance of the twentieth century agree that force is a term was greatly different from what some nineteenth-century thinkers (the Hostos, for example) may have reflected, at the height of Lilís, about the future of the nation. What it shows us the historical process National is that over the past century, the Dominicans as a mature collective entity and that the notion of a national consciousness became much stronger, even at the expense of so-called disappearance of ideologies and globalization.
P .- You have to practically press release or a book that should make your work or tyrannicide literature about the plot that ended the life of Trujillo. Knowing the size of your agenda as a historian is to be ruled out writing another book to sell, through the influence of the figure of Trujillo in the market. I do not intend to hasten impact content reserved for the reading of the play, but as veins is a magazine widespread in the world history scholars like me to do a sketch about what we can enjoy this dish.
R .- Certainly my study about the conspiracy that led to the physical removal of the tyrant Trujillo is not due to an interest marketing muscle, since your question as it stands the name of Trujillo, in itself, generates a particular fascination among Dominican and foreign readers. I have found that there is misinformation about the plot amazing May 30, although 45 years have passed since that historic event. Moreover, any average Dominicans want to have a vision Set on the plot and its immediate effects, would have to consult an extensive bibliography on the subject that is not necessarily available to everyone. My book on tyrannicide 1961 is therefore proposed to provide a history of that conspiracy, and their different aspects, from a historiographic perspective that allows the reader to approach a historical synthesis and interpretation of the theme under study.
P .- Trujillo Dominicans exercised great fascination among intellectuals. A morbid fascination, wanted to tell someone. Obviously the Trujillo tyranny is a shame, a mirror of atrocities. He recently died in Chile Augusto Pinochet and was ratified something we knew all that that country is divided in relation to the figure of the tyrant.
As here officially prohibited activities Trujillo, Trujillo appears legally, but whatever it is obvious their activism. I wish that you refer to the matter.
R .- La Era de Trujillo scored, almost indelibly, the national soul. This does not mean that the Dominicans are, somehow, an imitation of Trujillo or their methods. But 30 years of dictatorship, with the subsequent sequel that was the process of indoctrination and ideological followers of what some called the system "Trujillo's living thought, were enough to leave that imprint still 45 years away from that infernal regime seems to have vanished altogether. As in Chile, Augusto Pinochet, here in Santo Domingo, Trujillo thereby influenced our society divided. Fortunately, the majority was essentially anti Trujillo, but there were representatives from all sectors of society who were ardent devotees of the tyrant, his regime and the sinecures they could derive therefrom.
P .- You have to practically press release or a book that should make your work or tyrannicide literature about the plot that ended the life of Trujillo. Knowing the size of your agenda as a historian is to be ruled out writing another book to sell, through the influence of the figure of Trujillo in the market. I do not intend to hasten impact content reserved for the reading of the play, but as veins is a magazine widespread in the world history scholars like me to do a sketch about what we can enjoy this dish.
R .- Certainly my study about the conspiracy that led to the physical removal of the tyrant Trujillo is not due to an interest marketing muscle, since your question as it stands the name of Trujillo, in itself, generates a particular fascination among Dominican and foreign readers. I have found that there is misinformation about the plot amazing May 30, although 45 years have passed since that historic event. Moreover, any average Dominicans want to have a vision Set on the plot and its immediate effects, would have to consult an extensive bibliography on the subject that is not necessarily available to everyone. My book on tyrannicide 1961 is therefore proposed to provide a history of that conspiracy, and their different aspects, from a historiographic perspective that allows the reader to approach a historical synthesis and interpretation of the theme under study.
P .- Trujillo Dominicans exercised great fascination among intellectuals. A morbid fascination, wanted to tell someone. Obviously the Trujillo tyranny is a shame, a mirror of atrocities. He recently died in Chile Augusto Pinochet and was ratified something we knew all that that country is divided in relation to the figure of the tyrant.
As here officially prohibited activities Trujillo, Trujillo appears legally, but whatever it is obvious their activism. I wish that you refer to the matter.
R .- La Era de Trujillo scored, almost indelibly, the national soul. This does not mean that the Dominicans are, somehow, an imitation of Trujillo or their methods. But 30 years of dictatorship, with the subsequent sequel that was the process of indoctrination and ideological followers of what some called the system "Trujillo's living thought, were enough to leave that imprint still 45 years away from that infernal regime seems to have vanished altogether. As in Chile, Augusto Pinochet, here in Santo Domingo, Trujillo thereby influenced our society divided. Fortunately, the majority was essentially anti Trujillo, but there were representatives from all sectors of society who were ardent devotees of the tyrant, his regime and the sinecures they could derive therefrom.
The fact that by law are prohibited Trujillistas activities in the country, yet there is nothing to prevent those who crave return of a man of vigor and vacant stock of the Leviathan. Moreover, in some circles, particularly among certain intellectuals and politicians, still can be seen a sort of nostalgia reminiscent of that "was glorious" which was peace and tranquility. However, residues trujillismo overlook this "peace" was the peace of the graveyard, and also that "peace" came from the stick and the "tranquility" of trance, as I said with undisguised pride, one of the henchmen of the regime .
P .- You are chairing the Committee on Independence Ephemeris and one feels that there is an official: is a major force, with much discretion, the results of the work. Has been enhanced bibliographic work and in the streets we have breasts with national heroes, designed by valid visual resources. What is the agenda of Independence Ephemeris for the year 2007?
R .- The Standing Committee Ephemeris Patrias, a body in front of which I am by order of His Excellency the President of the Republic, Dr. Leonel Fernandez, I've just proposed, with the support of other members of the same, led by Mr. Luis Manuel Bonetti, Administrative Secretary of the Presidency, comply with the decree that which is created as the body should coordinate and organize the celebrations commemorating the major national anniversaries, especially the week of the Fatherland, which runs from January 26 to February 27 and the week of National Sovereignty, the 10 to 16 August. In addition to these responsibilities we have implemented a program of public works of a historical nature, that when it reaches the end of 2006 and fifteen volumes.
As regards the draft Places Patriotic being undertaken by the Commission, it aims to place busts of the Founding Fathers, where they are needed, as well as portraits of other national heroes in terms of their contribution to the Dominican people's struggle for freedom. Such is the case of patriotic places erected in honor of General Juan Tomas Diaz, Antonio de la Maza and Lieutenant Amado García Guerrero, May 30 heroes, Colonel Juan Maria Lora Fernandez, Col. Francisco Alberto Caamano Deno, the General Juan Alejandro Acosta, General Gregorio Luperon, among others. Soon we will be opening in Santiago, a patriotic place in honor of the pamphleteers of Santiago, a youth group, the largest of which no more than 21 years, who were arrested on charges of having distributed leaflets attacking a tyrant. Of 29 boys who were arrested at least 27 were killed in the prison of La 40 by the henchmen of the Military Intelligence Service under the command of Johnny Abbes Garcia. This tragedy coincided with the great raid of 1960 against members of the clandestine movement of June 14, some of whom were present when these lads arrived at Trujillo's gulag and were barbarously tortured first, and then be killed.
P .- I thrive in INDOTEL functions, an organization serving the advancement of communication technology, what are those roles? Are you meeting INDOTEL the projection that the country needs?
R .- The Dominican Telecommunications Institute occupied the position of Corporate Manager. I am part of the team there with great skill and admirable dedication directed by Dr. José Rafael Vargas, Secretary of State and President of Indotel, who performs important work to help reduce the digital divide and provide a few communities and sectors resources, technical facilities required for entering the fascinating world of digital technology.
P .- The Dominican Society of Bibliophiles through a difficult situation for some time. What is being done to renew? Do you have maintained and will be sustained editing criteria? Why should the crisis?
R .- Several years ago I left to chair the Dominican Society of Bibliophiles, so I do not know what might be happening there involving a "difficult situation", as stated in your question. But I can testify that when I was in front of it, could successfully undertake the program approved by the policy since I took the responsibility to chair it. My job basically was to rescue the entity financially. When I was elected president of the Bibliophiles their economic situation was depressing. The institution was unable to meet its financial commitments and there was a time I could not even meet their most basic running costs. With the support of the policy, especially the lawyer Dennis Simó, now Rector of the Universidad APEC, we carry out a rescue plan which fortunately was supported by Dr. Leonel Fernandez, in his first public management. It is true that for a while, in the course of my tenure, the scarcity of publications, but when transferred control who replaced me, I gave Dominican Bibliophile Society financially sound, with no debts to banks or individuals, and certificate deposits at least guaranteeing financial institutional survival, in addition to the allocation to be received via the Administrative Secretariat of the Presidency, first, and the Department of Culture, later. The audit reports are there. Anyone interested can apply to the current policy.
P .- I thrive in INDOTEL functions, an organization serving the advancement of communication technology, what are those roles? Are you meeting INDOTEL the projection that the country needs?
R .- The Dominican Telecommunications Institute occupied the position of Corporate Manager. I am part of the team there with great skill and admirable dedication directed by Dr. José Rafael Vargas, Secretary of State and President of Indotel, who performs important work to help reduce the digital divide and provide a few communities and sectors resources, technical facilities required for entering the fascinating world of digital technology.
P .- The Dominican Society of Bibliophiles through a difficult situation for some time. What is being done to renew? Do you have maintained and will be sustained editing criteria? Why should the crisis?
R .- Several years ago I left to chair the Dominican Society of Bibliophiles, so I do not know what might be happening there involving a "difficult situation", as stated in your question. But I can testify that when I was in front of it, could successfully undertake the program approved by the policy since I took the responsibility to chair it. My job basically was to rescue the entity financially. When I was elected president of the Bibliophiles their economic situation was depressing. The institution was unable to meet its financial commitments and there was a time I could not even meet their most basic running costs. With the support of the policy, especially the lawyer Dennis Simó, now Rector of the Universidad APEC, we carry out a rescue plan which fortunately was supported by Dr. Leonel Fernandez, in his first public management. It is true that for a while, in the course of my tenure, the scarcity of publications, but when transferred control who replaced me, I gave Dominican Bibliophile Society financially sound, with no debts to banks or individuals, and certificate deposits at least guaranteeing financial institutional survival, in addition to the allocation to be received via the Administrative Secretariat of the Presidency, first, and the Department of Culture, later. The audit reports are there. Anyone interested can apply to the current policy.
However, I note that during my term as head of the Dominican Association of Bibliophiles closed the valuable collection of Dominican culture, which initiated the founding of the institution, when it was created in 1974 under the chairmanship of Don Enrique Henríquez Apolinar , and reached some 85 titles. This collection was designed exclusively for members, and it was already very difficult to achieve complete. For this reason, the board decided to give it a whirl opening to the entity and that's how it started two collections that I have understood, they continue: Bibliophiles 2000 and Classic Collection of Bibliophiles. In the first, have published works including contemporary authors, and in the second, as its name suggests, have been reprinted in paperback mainly those works of the Dominican Culture Collection quickly sold out and were constantly requested by non-members. Importantly, it can be perceived from the outside, the Dominican Bibliophile has continued to carry out the mission for which it designed for more than 40 years.
P .- In the multiplicity of your academic and professional activities are a member of the Board of the Dominican Academy of History. The truth is that the academy has an enviable track record and high reputation in the Dominican intellectual world. In this year end has come into conflict with the Secretariat of State for Culture, the perennial problem of the monthly budget. Academy is currently chaired by José Chez Czech. How is the Academy?
R .- I am proud to belong to the Dominican Academy of History, not only what that institution is in the social scientific work-Dominican, but especially because of the importance both academically and intellectual fellow historians who have preceded me (and who have died) and those who are currently part of their tuition , who also admire and respect.
P .- In the multiplicity of your academic and professional activities are a member of the Board of the Dominican Academy of History. The truth is that the academy has an enviable track record and high reputation in the Dominican intellectual world. In this year end has come into conflict with the Secretariat of State for Culture, the perennial problem of the monthly budget. Academy is currently chaired by José Chez Czech. How is the Academy?
R .- I am proud to belong to the Dominican Academy of History, not only what that institution is in the social scientific work-Dominican, but especially because of the importance both academically and intellectual fellow historians who have preceded me (and who have died) and those who are currently part of their tuition , who also admire and respect.
Our mission as an academic body, above all, is to promote historical research in a strictly scientific project ever in pursuit of an objective and credible in the past. The Dominican Academy of History has scheduled numerous research projects, publications, conferences, etc., and this has been developed with some success a fundraising campaign through an Endowment Fund has been established with the generous support of private sector institutions who believe in and support our projects. What how's the academy? I can say that great. From legacy from the efforts of Emilio Rodríguez Demorizi, Bishop Hugo Eduardo Polanco Brito and Julio Genaro Campillo Pérez, directives led by academics and José Roberto Cassá Chez Czech impregnated her new life to the corporation, so that it has been restructured and reformed their statutes expanded enrollment of both number and Corresponding. Today, I am convinced, can speak without fear of misunderstanding of the Dominican Academy of History and modern plural, according to the present day.
The question also refers to an alleged conflict with the Ministry of Culture due to "ongoing problem of the monthly budget." Frankly know that such a conflict exists. The Academy receives an allocation from Central Government via the Ministry of Culture, but in no way is resentful that the institution has been assigned some or no budget to meet financial commitments enabling it to operate functionally. If there is a discrepancy of criteria the Ministry of Culture in relation to this or any other aspect, that has resulted from a personal position, not corporate, a colleague who, incidentally, is well within their rights to externalize their views, as expressed in this opportunity I have mine. Clio in the magazine, the official organ of the Dominican Academy of History, specifies that the corporation "is not supportive of the views expressed in the work embedded in Clio, which are solely responsible the perpetrators."
P .- Veins know that the magazine is immersed in the Haitian-Dominican issue and the background of our discussions is the period of history Dominican Republic between 1793 and 1822, including the Treaty of Basel and the Haitian occupation of 1822. We have considered categorically that the story of this crucial period has not been written. You said that a line of your research goes in those years, in your quest for the identity of the Dominican man. Salute to force this fortune of yours. What can we expect from your ink?
R .- The Dominican history period that elapses between 1793 and 1822 is of paramount importance in the process defined as formation of national sentiment. Manuel Arturo Peña Batlle was of the opinion that the causes of misfortune Dominican had to be found in the Devastations of Osorio, the Treaty of Basel in the invasions of Toussaint and Dessalines Haitian and the Haitian Domination. The theme is quite striking and can not be addressed fully at a response like this, marked by conciseness. I agree with the approach of streaks for that period of our colonial history (the time between 1793 and 1822) has received little attention from researchers. However, do not mean that we suffer from major studies that provide lucid and documented reflections on that period, such as the Colonial History of Santo Domingo, Frank Moya Pons, and the Economic and Social History of the Dominican Republic Robert Cassá, also, testing, among many, historians Emilio Cordero Michel The Haitian Revolution and Santo Domingo, and J. Franklyn Franco, blacks, mulattos and the Dominican nation and also Haiti, Dessalines today. There are also numerous publications documentary covering the period in question that are waiting for researchers interested in this phase of colonial history Dominican undertake the task of setting a historical narrative to provide a reliable picture of the social, political , economic and cultural life of the Dominicans of the early nineteenth century.
P .- Veins know that the magazine is immersed in the Haitian-Dominican issue and the background of our discussions is the period of history Dominican Republic between 1793 and 1822, including the Treaty of Basel and the Haitian occupation of 1822. We have considered categorically that the story of this crucial period has not been written. You said that a line of your research goes in those years, in your quest for the identity of the Dominican man. Salute to force this fortune of yours. What can we expect from your ink?
R .- The Dominican history period that elapses between 1793 and 1822 is of paramount importance in the process defined as formation of national sentiment. Manuel Arturo Peña Batlle was of the opinion that the causes of misfortune Dominican had to be found in the Devastations of Osorio, the Treaty of Basel in the invasions of Toussaint and Dessalines Haitian and the Haitian Domination. The theme is quite striking and can not be addressed fully at a response like this, marked by conciseness. I agree with the approach of streaks for that period of our colonial history (the time between 1793 and 1822) has received little attention from researchers. However, do not mean that we suffer from major studies that provide lucid and documented reflections on that period, such as the Colonial History of Santo Domingo, Frank Moya Pons, and the Economic and Social History of the Dominican Republic Robert Cassá, also, testing, among many, historians Emilio Cordero Michel The Haitian Revolution and Santo Domingo, and J. Franklyn Franco, blacks, mulattos and the Dominican nation and also Haiti, Dessalines today. There are also numerous publications documentary covering the period in question that are waiting for researchers interested in this phase of colonial history Dominican undertake the task of setting a historical narrative to provide a reliable picture of the social, political , economic and cultural life of the Dominicans of the early nineteenth century.
From my particular perspective, I understand that the early nineteenth century serves as a groove which gradually emerges that several decades later will form the substance of national identity. The Dominican group, between 1793 and 1822, with some exceptions, did not have a clear awareness of the Dominican. Moreover, the Dominican consubstantiated so with the English, that the documentation of the time, when referring to the inhabitants of the eastern part of the island of Santo Domingo, Dominican-are known as English. Caught between inter imperialist conflicts in France, Spain and England, mainly, our ancestors felt a special predilection for the Motherland. They did not want to depend on France or England. In If belonging to some power, preference leaned toward Spain, which, naturally, felt umbilically linked. But those who in any way dependent longing was for the inhabitants of the French, who come mainly from African tribes, and who in their incessant struggle for independence just tried to keep the entire island outside the domain of powers Europe. Remember the famous Limerick Father Vásquez: "Yesterday I was born English / French was the afternoon / night I was Ethiopian / Now say I'm English / Do not know what will become of me."
believe that by the early nineteenth century the national sentiment among our ancestors, was very weak, just babble. Hence, when La Reconquista in 1810, an important focus of its leaders prefer to restore English rule rather than proceed according to the currents that sprouted in the New World under the inspiration of the American and French revolutions, chose to return to Iberian colonial thereby facilitating the advent of this period of social stagnation, deep economic crisis and decline in our collective spiritual history is known as The Boba Spain.
P .- Invasion (General Haitian) Dessalines in 1805 is virtually immeasurable catastrophe has been passed by high, despite the lasting consequences in the Dominican-Haitian relations belligerents. You were linked to publishing in the country of the work of Jean Price-Mars, "The Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Various aspects of a historical problem, geographical and ethnological "and therefore know the opinion of the Haitian historian of the genocide executed by Henri Christophe in the Cibao. Lurid details of that slaughter are referred by Price-Mars himself. Why so unfortunate episode has been in Dominican historiography as a taboo subject?
R .- The Dominican historiography calls the issue of Haitian invasions has been widely discussed, both from the standpoint of traditional and modern history perspective. There are also documentary works published by Emilio Rodríguez Demorizi about invasions of Haiti and on the Age of France in Santo Domingo, the great case study of Frank Moya Pons, entitled The Haitian domination, and a number of tests of different authors, around that period of our history.
P .- Invasion (General Haitian) Dessalines in 1805 is virtually immeasurable catastrophe has been passed by high, despite the lasting consequences in the Dominican-Haitian relations belligerents. You were linked to publishing in the country of the work of Jean Price-Mars, "The Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Various aspects of a historical problem, geographical and ethnological "and therefore know the opinion of the Haitian historian of the genocide executed by Henri Christophe in the Cibao. Lurid details of that slaughter are referred by Price-Mars himself. Why so unfortunate episode has been in Dominican historiography as a taboo subject?
R .- The Dominican historiography calls the issue of Haitian invasions has been widely discussed, both from the standpoint of traditional and modern history perspective. There are also documentary works published by Emilio Rodríguez Demorizi about invasions of Haiti and on the Age of France in Santo Domingo, the great case study of Frank Moya Pons, entitled The Haitian domination, and a number of tests of different authors, around that period of our history.
For distinguished the work of Haitian journalist and thinker Jean Price Mars, entitled The Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Various aspects of a historical problem, geographical and ethnological, please note This issue of the Haitian vision on the relationships that have existed between the Dominican and Haitian communities throughout the centuries. Mars Price's work, originally published in 1953, was severely criticized by the intelligentsia Trujillo. Some of those answers were not at the level Haitian academic thinker, but authors such as Emilio Rodríguez Nolasco Demorizi and Socrates were quick to get you out the way to the thesis defended by Price Mars. Even circulated a strange book, signed by Angel del Rosario Perez, entitled The extermination longed (which some believed was a pseudonym), whose pages contained responded approaches Price's work on Mars.
Naturally, the main Haitian historians have focused on the issue of the English invasions, have always insisted that it was not national collective aggression against native, but rather were raids on the presence of European imperial element, from the English side of the island, threatening the stability of the Haitian State.
I do not think that the issue of Cristophe, the Cibao, has remained a taboo subject in the national historiography. I, however, there has been a Dominican reinterpretation of these events in the light of new methodological approaches have allowed us to offer a different view of the traditionally offered historiography identified with Hispanic heritage at the expense of the Afro-Hispanic composition of the Dominicans.
P .- This question, John Daniel, is the last of this interview, and its contents will serve to promote a survey in the journal streaks on the subject.
P .- This question, John Daniel, is the last of this interview, and its contents will serve to promote a survey in the journal streaks on the subject.
right, then, the disquisition. In my capacity as editor of a magazine that has exactly thirteen years debating the crucial issues of national culture have been and try to understand the tragedy of what is known as Guacanagarix complex and overwhelming pessimism of a significant part Dominican population. I admit I had observed Guacanagarix complex and the pessimism of many as a trivial matter, until in the last five years, close friends, intimate associates and VIPs have shown me the tragedy in every sense.
Someone, for example that does important work, a core research, was suddenly revealed to you as someone who rejects what dazzles with native and foreign, without more, just because for that person is useless and Dominican abroad it is extraordinary. It's a shame to have to raise this searing tragedy, because we are not alone and abroad are watching us. The rejection of many writers Dominicans of their own literature is verified at levels that are a real challenge to mechanisms such as the Secretariat of State for Culture. These levels are the lack of knowledge and ignorance, denial, and that's too much. The dancers that dance show drunk, possessed of enjoyment trotante to disqualify the country because according to them Dominican intellectuals living in limbo and a perennial island autism.
I learned to stop some drives because then you come to another conclusion, but equally painful: we dismiss those possessed are more distressed victims of trauma whipped us. Dominican intellectual one in Europe extends reflect upon this latitude, that is their disgrace, and we go out on a limb and an "island autism, concludes that these" autistic "can not be proud to live in this limbo. Any citizen of the world has the right to be proud of their country, except the Dominicans, because they prohibit.
But these same intellectuals who despise and reject the contents of our culture are, say, victims lacerated and more painful.
This is an issue, again, from a survey that begins on the issue in the journal streaks, and you have the opportunity to offer your opinion here.
R .- The last question is, without doubt, the highest density of all conceptual put to me streaks. Invite a meticulous and thoughtful reflection on the image to the Dominicans as a nation, we have built ourselves. One issue still a virgin in our historical literature and socio-psychological, although there have been tremendous contributions made by psychiatrists and some social scientists, and studies have been published by psychiatrists Alejandro Paniagua, Antonio Zaglul, Emilio Guillén, Fernando Sánchez Martínez, César Mella Mejías, Lino Romero, and Josephine Zait.
R .- The last question is, without doubt, the highest density of all conceptual put to me streaks. Invite a meticulous and thoughtful reflection on the image to the Dominicans as a nation, we have built ourselves. One issue still a virgin in our historical literature and socio-psychological, although there have been tremendous contributions made by psychiatrists and some social scientists, and studies have been published by psychiatrists Alejandro Paniagua, Antonio Zaglul, Emilio Guillén, Fernando Sánchez Martínez, César Mella Mejías, Lino Romero, and Josephine Zait.
The so-called "complex Guacanagarix" is, in my opinion, the formula for excellence it symbolizes, from the earliest times Tainos, the underestimation of the collective self in the course of several centuries became substantial part of the Dominican ethos. This is a complex psychological mechanism by which few Dominicans prefer not culturally be anything less than Dominicans. Politically, this vocation extrajerizante, once proclaimed the Republic, expressed through the propensity to protectoralismo one hand, and the annexation, on the other, in spite of nationalist resistance advocated by duartistas. Pedro Santana and Buenaventura Baez were the highest representatives of the colonial power during the First and Second Republics.
Somewhere in his work the famous humanist Pedro Henríquez Ureña referred to what he called "the zeal Europeanization" of many of our writers. Dominican abroad, ie the preference for foreign nationals to the true values, we must also add what some sociologists have preferred to classify as pessimism. It is the other side of the coin: on one hand undervalue me believe that I am unable to progress and achieve optimal economic growth and development and, on the other, do not foresee flattering prospects of personal and collective. Antonio Zaglul used to commemorate Dr. Francisco Moscoso Puello to which he attributed to have said that when he saw a bush Dominican coconut Piñonate only thought, never beyond. It would seem that, like Narcissus, we succumbed to our own face and, after contemplating it reflected on the surface of a source, we rushed in its clear waters, then turned into me through undervalued beings, incapable, or so we believe, achieve the full realization of all our collective potential.
Dominican Pessimism as sociological doctrine has had lethal consequences on the possibilities to overcome as a nation. It was precisely this conception of spiritual and material backwardness that led, among other factors, the enthronement of the dictatorship of Rafael L. Trujillo, first, and the enlightened despotism of Joaquin Balaguer, later.
But fortunately, this pernicious ideological trend, which served as a source of nourishment for more than a few native thinkers of the twentieth century, from 1965 began to yield the field to a new worldview through which its leading exponents envision for our country stages of political, social and economic lot more promising than those advocated by the representatives of the twentieth century Dominican pessimism.
trials abound historical, sociological, literary, philosophical, and other disciplines, seeking to find not only a scientific explanation of the national historical development, but, above all, have tried to explain to the Dominican man in the human dimension that has inserted the XXI century.
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Juan Daniel Balcácer
Historian. Full Member of the Dominican Academy of History, Fellow of the Academy of Sciences of the Dominican Republic and the Institute Duartiano.
has been Professor at the Catholic University of Santo Domingo Dominican Critical History course. From the University teaching courses in APEC Dominican Cultural History.
has lectured extensively on historical subjects in national and foreign universities. Has been contributing editor of major newspapers and magazines Dominicans.
has been Professor at the Catholic University of Santo Domingo Dominican Critical History course. From the University teaching courses in APEC Dominican Cultural History.
has lectured extensively on historical subjects in national and foreign universities. Has been contributing editor of major newspapers and magazines Dominicans.
Among the many books written by him are:
Pedro Santana: political history of a despot (Santo Domingo, 1974);
Santo Domingo Historical Clarification (1977)
Juan Pablo Duarte, Father of the Fatherland, biography for children and youth, (Santo Domingo, 1978); historic Test
Manuel Arturo Peña Batlle, (Build, Santo Domingo, 1989);
Independence Dominican, written in collaboration with Manuel García Arévalo, (Madrid, 1992);
papers and writings of Francis J. Peynado, Vicissitudes of Juan Pablo Duarte (Santo Domingo, 1994);
thinking and action of the Founding Fathers (Santo Domingo, 1995)
is the author of the pamphlets Reflections on Dominican democracy and Americo Lugo: forgotten patriot .
is also co-authored the following publications:
generations Debate, edited by the Dominican Cultural Foundation (1991);
Dominican. Sensations and colors of the Dominican Republic (1995);
The twentieth century Dominican. Economics, Politics, Philosophy and Literature sponsored by Codetel, (1999), and
Culture and society in the twentieth century Dominican Republic, hosted by Editor The Century (2000).
has been president of the Dominican Society of Bibliophiles, Inc.
is currently Chairman of the Standing Committee Ephemeris Patrias.
Pedro Santana: political history of a despot (Santo Domingo, 1974);
Santo Domingo Historical Clarification (1977)
Juan Pablo Duarte, Father of the Fatherland, biography for children and youth, (Santo Domingo, 1978); historic Test
Manuel Arturo Peña Batlle, (Build, Santo Domingo, 1989);
Independence Dominican, written in collaboration with Manuel García Arévalo, (Madrid, 1992);
papers and writings of Francis J. Peynado, Vicissitudes of Juan Pablo Duarte (Santo Domingo, 1994);
thinking and action of the Founding Fathers (Santo Domingo, 1995)
is the author of the pamphlets Reflections on Dominican democracy and Americo Lugo: forgotten patriot .
is also co-authored the following publications:
generations Debate, edited by the Dominican Cultural Foundation (1991);
Dominican. Sensations and colors of the Dominican Republic (1995);
The twentieth century Dominican. Economics, Politics, Philosophy and Literature sponsored by Codetel, (1999), and
Culture and society in the twentieth century Dominican Republic, hosted by Editor The Century (2000).
has been president of the Dominican Society of Bibliophiles, Inc.
is currently Chairman of the Standing Committee Ephemeris Patrias.
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